Therefore, the ICD-11 includes six “specific” PTSD symptoms and requires at least one of two intrusion symptoms, one of two avoidance symptoms, and one of two sense of threat symptoms to diagnose PTSD ( 5). In contrast, the ICD-11 defines PTSD in a narrow way by eliminating “non-specific” PTSD symptoms. The DSM-5 criteria require the presence of at least one out of five intrusion symptoms, one out of two avoidance symptoms, two out of seven negative alterations in cognitions and mood symptoms, and two out of six alterations in arousal and reactivity symptoms to diagnose PTSD. More concretely, the DSM-5 defines PTSD in a broad way and includes twenty symptoms. Nevertheless, the definition of PTSD in the recent version of the ICD (ICD-11 ( 3)) differs markedly from the latest DSM (DSM-5 ( 4)). The diagnosis of PTSD is commonly based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) worldwide. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the most prevalent mental problems among trauma-exposed adolescents. According to a national survey of the United States, a majority (60.0%) of adolescents aged 13 to 18 experienced one or more traumatic events ( 1). This study contributes to the current understanding of the similarities and differences using different PTSD criteria and informs the organization and application of these two globally applied PTSD criteria.Įxposure to traumatic events is widespread among adolescents. The results revealed that the ICD-11 and DSM-5 provided similar prevalence of PTSD and comorbidity rates with MDD and GAD in Chinese trauma-exposed adolescent samples. The differences regarding comorbidities between ICD-11 and DSM-5 definitions were not significant among these two samples. No significant PTSD prevalence differences between ICD-11 and DSM-5 were found across the two samples. The MDD and GAD subscales of the Revised Children’s Anxiety and Depression Scale were used to measure major depression disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) symptoms. The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 was used to measure PTSD symptoms. A total of 1,201 students exposed to earthquake and 559 students from vocational schools exposed to potentially traumatic events were included in this study. This study aimed at comparing the prevalence and comorbidity differences of PTSD according to ICD-11 and DSM-5 definitions across two Chinese adolescent trauma-exposed samples. 2Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.1Laboratory for Traumatic Stress Studies, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.Alterations in arousal and reactivity: These symptoms may include being irritable and having angry outbursts behaving recklessly or in a self-destructive way being overly watchful of one’s surroundings in an overly vigilant way being easily startled or having problems concentrating or sleeping.Li Wang 1,2 Ruojiao Fang 1,2 Chen Chen 1,2 Chengqi Cao 1,2 *.It also includes negative thoughts and feelings, leading to ongoing and distorted beliefs about oneself or others distorted thoughts about the cause or consequences of the event, leading to wrongly blaming self or others ongoing fear, horror, anger, guilt, or shame much less interest in activities previously enjoyed feeling detached or estranged from others or being unable to experience positive emotions. Alterations in cognition and mood: This encompasses an inability to remember important aspects of the traumatic event.They may also resist discussing what happened or how they feel about it. Avoidance: Avoiding reminders of the traumatic event may include avoiding people, places, activities, objects, and situations that may trigger distressing memories, thoughts, or feelings associated with the trauma. Flashbacks may be so vivid that people feel they are reliving or seeing the traumatic experience before their eyes. Intrusion: Intrusive thoughts can include recurrent, involuntary memories, distressing dreams, and flashbacks of the traumatic event.
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